Alpha Hydroxy Acids in Acne Treatment

Alpha hydroxy acids in acne treatment have been used as a household remedy since ages. Alpha Hydroxy Acids are organic carboxylic acids.

It has been recorded that Cleopatra used the debris at the bottom of the wine barrels (which contains tartaric acid) to massage her face.

The following alpha hydroxy acids are used as house hold treatment in acne :

• Glycolic Acid : derived from sugarcane

• Lactic Acid: from fermented milk

• Citric Acid: citrus fruits

• Maleic Acid: from unripe apple

• Mandelic Acid: bitter almonds

• Tartaric Acid:from fermented grapes

Many cosmetic preparations are also available with the AHAs as the main ingredient, though most of them contain synthetic AHAs.

Mechanism of action of alpha hydroxy acids in acne treatment

1. Increase the dyscohesion of keratinocytes: cause peeling and thinning of the superficial layer of skin.

2. Reduced melanin synthesis and enhanced melanin dispersion: the skin will have a smooth uniform appearance.

3. Stimulation of fibroblasts in the dermis: Increased collagen and ground substance synthesis: the skin has a full, healthy appearance.

4. Probably also has an antioxidant action by correcting the UV radiation induced redness.

The above histological actions clinically manifest as:

• Reduction of skin wrinkles

• Reduction of skin roughness

• Lightening of pigmentary changes

Alpha hydroxy acids in acne treatment

The effectiveness of Alpha Hydroxy Acids in acne is related to their peeling effect on the keratinocytes, they are effective in removing the keratinous plugs in the comedones. They may be combined with topical or systemic antibacterials in inflammatory lesions.

Side effects of alpha hydroxy acids in acne treatment

Irritant dermatitis or contact allergic dermatitis, mainly to the vehicles or additives in the preparations may occur.

Precautions to be taken while using alpha hydroxy acids in acne treatment

1. Use of a sunscreen will help in maintaining the beneficial effects of the AHAs in acne

2. The commercially available AHA preparations should not be diluted as the pH changes with loss or reduction of therapeutic efficacy.

3. Unless advised by your dermatologist, it is not necessary to use AHAs and retinoids together.

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